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    STUDIA PHYSICA - Issue no. 1 / 2007  
         
  Article:   THE MAGNETIC MICROSTRUCTURE OF NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS.

Authors:  RUDOLF SCHÄFER.
 
       
         
  Abstract:  A review is given on the magnetic microstructure and magnetization processes of modern fine- and nanocrystalline magnetic materials, based on Kerr-microscopical domain observation. The grain size dependence of coercivity together with typical domain images is summarized in Fig. 1. In coarse-grained material the domain character is determined by the surface orientation of the individual grains [1]. The rising influence of grain boundary domains with decreasing grain size is responsi-ble for the characteristic 1/D dependence of coercivity. For grain sizes in the 100 nm regime, coercivity shows a maximum that can be applied for hard magnets. Immobile, patchy domains are characteristic for this regime. With further decreas-ing grain size, coercivity drastically falls of with D6, leading to extremely soft magnetic nanocrystalline and finally amorphous material. Residual anisotropies in competition with controllable, macroscopic anisotropies are responsible for the domain character in such materials [1, 2].  
         
     
         
         
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