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Human capital status has become, in nowadays Romania, a matter of general interest, considering the perspectives of aligning to and joining the EU structures. Romania’s preparation for the EU integration involves, from the educational point of view, the taking over, the adaptation and the implementation of community acquis in respect of the formation and usage of human capital.The transition towards market economy has generated in Romania a process different through its dimension and intensity, a waste of human potential through disqualification, a worsen of the health situation, an expansion of poverty and even a breaking-up of the family structure.The authors intend to analyze the reasons and the results of this tendencies of impoverishment, which may lead to the loss of Romania’s one of the most important comparative advantages, as an EU with a well-qualified labor force, that was associated with lower wage costs, in candidate state; our country began its transition opposition to the other Eastern-European states.

Keywords: human capital, poverty, education