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Entering highly disadvantaged areas into the list of priorities within national and European policies of territorial cohesion represents a necessity. It is considered that, before solving the problem of territorial disparities at national or regional level, it is necessary to solve the problem of the survival of some local peripheral intraregional communities. To that effect, an algorithm for the treatment of the most disadvantaged areas at regional level is proposed. This algorithm is structured into five parts: establishing the institutional framework, setting the diagnostic, analysing the insertion environment, the treatment itself and the post-treatment monitoring. The treatment is likely to be different, depending on the structure of each area, with an accent on the development induced by the localities with a central place function from the inside or outside. The conclusion is that highly disadvantaged areas cannot be developed by means of a “shock” therapy, and the process of treatment can start with the setting of the premises of implementation.

Keywords: disadvantaged communities, underdevelopment theory, logical scheme of treating underdevelopment, Romania.