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Decreasing the environment impact and securing water supply safety through water and waste water infrastructure modernization. In Cluj and Sălaj Counties as well as all over in Romania, following a legacy of poor or no investments in the water supply and sewage infrastructure before 1989, a high risk situation developed seriously threatening the environment and the water supply safety. As a consequence, water losses of more than 60%, discharges of household and industrial waste water in the river Somes and other effluents without treatment as well as the lack of expansion and modernization investments in the water supply leading to situations of daily supply schedules for some entire communities, posed a major threat to the environment, public health, to the normal social and economic development of the community itself. Several consecutive major investment programs between 1995 and 2009 not only addressed and solved most of the problems in Cluj County but resulted in putting the community in an excellent pole position in term of the race for compliance with EU water and environment Directives to be met gradually by 2018. Solving the water supply and waste water treatment related environment issues in Cluj County and the way these issues are planned to be addressed in Salaj County shows how important are, aside major investment programs, the natural and antropic geographical features of the area in question.