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Exercise is used both as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool. Depending on its characteristics physical effort can determine eustress or distress. To use exercise as a therapeutic tool is necessary to know as much as possible of all aspects, especially physiological. Oxi/nitrosative stress is linked to the relationship between exercise and disease and thus is certainly possible that an optimal level of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species to be a way to improve health, possibly through the antioxidant defense mechanisms. Exacerbation of oxidant production that exceeds the optimum level, in turn, may overcome the antioxidant defense mechanisms and thus appear irreparable oxidative damage, potentially generating disease. The specific amount of physical exertion that induces favorable changes in the oxidants/antioxidants balance is currently undefined and finding a modality to prescribe the amount of physical exertion could be useful both in sport and therapeutic field. This study cumulates information about changes induced in human and animal organism by oxi/nitrosative stress in physical effort according to recent researches.

Keywords: reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, oxi/nitrosative stress, physical effort