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The STUDIA UNIVERSITATIS BABEŞ-BOLYAI issue article summary
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Abstract: This study is observing the changes in the performance of male hammer throwers from 1980 to 2011. In order to explore these alterations, the performance of certain throwers (placing 1st, 5th, and 10th) in the world ranking list and the average result of the top ten were analysed. The factors directly influencing changes in the performance of hammer throwers were also investigated. In the 1980s the increase in the performance of hammer throwers was followed by a sharp decline. This is true for the athletes occupying different positions in the world ranking list, and for the average of the top ten throwers as well. According to our investigations and observations, performances increased in the second half of the 1990s, and after the turn of the 20th. century, a newer, well-documented increase can be observed, although this does not reach the peak level of 1988. It is a pity that the trends show a slight decrease in the second half of the decade, dropping to the averages experienced at the beginning of the 1980s. Without going into an in-depth analysis of the technical innovations of the 1980s, some important things have to be emphasised (in case of right handed thrower): the effort to increase the radius of the hammer’s trajectory with the „counterweight” technique; the proportion of the two-leg support in turn was increased, with the help of a delayed „lifting off” and the early planting of the right leg; the thrower does not aim to precede the movement of the hammer and does not move ahead of the hammer, as could be seen in previous techniques. Instead of, he drives the hammer with his whole body; the lifting work of the legs plays a determining role in the two-leg support phase during the acceleration of the hammer. We think, besides these technical innovations, another important factor related to improving results are conditioning abilities; the development of the maximum and speed strength to a very high level in harmony with technical elements.
Keywords: hammer throw, changes in performance, technical innovations, conditioning abilities, world record |
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