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This essay argues against Kant’s reproach to Aristotle’s deduction of categories as formulated in The Critique of the Pure Reason. In the first part we try to summarize the philosophical context in which Kant formulates his reproach, while in the second part we focus on Aristotle’s perspective underlying philosophical aspects in the light of which Kant’s objection seems unfounded. The most important aspects which our argumentation is based on are: first, we are dealing with two different philosophical intentions (categories of being versus categories of the understanding); secondly, Kant’s reproach turns against him, so to speak, as he does not provide a principle of deduction either.

Keywords: categories, apriori concepts, understanding, metaphysical deduction, transcendental deduction