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This study first presents the role of music and movement in the education of ancient Greece, based on Plato and Aristotle’s philosophic views. These views had a major impact on most of the representatives of music education in the twentieth century: Émile Jaques-Dalcroze, Zoltán Kodály and Carl Orff. We summarized their pedagogical contribution concerning general music education, stressing especially the importance they attach to the relationship between music and movement.

Keywords: music education, ancient Greece, Émile Jaques-Dalcroze, eurhythmics, Kodály method, Carl Orff, Schulwerk, elemental music