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The STUDIA UNIVERSITATIS BABEÅž-BOLYAI issue article summary
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Abstract: Sandstone has been a traditional building material in Serbia since medieval times. It was used extensively in building monuments, sculptures and especially in Serbian parochial architecture.
In the first half of the twentieth century, and later (1955-1970), sandstone was used as a building material as irregular or regular slabs or blocks as well as for stone panels on façades of numerous buildings of Belgrade. Sandstone buildings are exposed to both external and internal weathering processes The interaction of these processes depends on the nature of the environment and the degree to which both, the features of the building and the location of the stone within the building, affect this. Through the normal processes of weathering/thawing, a natural breakdown of sandstone occurs. This is intensified by salt crystallization, and the internal processes involved in the mineralogical conversion.
Unfortunately, in the last twenty years, the acceleration of sandstone decay in buildings of Belgrade has been noticed. The common damages types are as follows: exfoliation, granular disintegration, peeling, black crust formation and efflorescence.
Soluble salts are important agents in the stone deterioration. They concentrate as efflorescence on the surface and as sub-efflorescence close beyond the surface of the stone. In both cases, soluble salts occur in most places where deterioration occurs. They are very mobile, moving along the surface as well as in and out of the surface. These movements occur periodically i.e. depending on the seasons and the atmospheric conditions (Amoroso & Fassina, 1983). The sources of the soluble salts are various, including the geogenic sources (the stone itself, rain water, groundwater etc) and sources related to the anthropogenic activities and products (atmospheric pollution, mortars etc; Winkler, 1994). ... |
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