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The aim of this essay is to examine the contextual parameters that culminated in Turkey’s retreat from Europeanization and subsequent move towards re-nationalization in terms of its foreign policy. The paper is organized into three sections. The first section examines the analytical tools that may provide explanations for the transformations in Turkey’s foreign policy domain, while the second section discusses the early effects of European integration after 1999, with the aim of decoding Europeanization in terms of changes in the foreign policy domain. The third section scrutinizes the contextual parameters of change, which resulted in Turkey’s disenchantment with the EU integration in relation to certain topics on Turkey’s foreign policy agenda. The empirical parts of the essay focus on Turkey’s relations with Greece, Cyprus and Armenia since the shifts in Turkey’s policy preferences are more profound and observable in these areas.

Keywords: Europeanization, nationalization, conditionality, socialization