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Authors: OSCAR VICENTE, MOHAMAD AL HASSAN, MONICA BOSCAIU.
World population, at present about 7.4 x 109 inhabitants, is expected to grow by almost 30% over the next 35 years, to reach 9.2 x 109 people in 2050. According to FAO estimates, it will be necessary to increase agricultural production by at least 60% over 2005-2007 levels to meet the expected demand for food. This is probably one of the biggest challenges that mankind has ever faced; yet, if we look at the recent past, this goal – a priori – does not seem so difficult to achieve. Indeed, in 50 years, between 1960 and 2009, world population more than doubled – from 3 x 109 to 6.8 x 109 people – while it was still possible to increase the amount of food per capita, from 2200 Kcal/person/day to an average of more than 2800 Kcal/person/day. Obviously, this food is not distributed evenly: while the average food supply in Europe reached in 2009 almost 3400 Kcal/person/day, it was below 2000 Kcal/person/day in some developing countries in sub-Saharan Africa and South East Asia.
