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	STUDIA BIOLOGIA - Issue no. 1 / 2019

	Article:	HALO-THERMOPHILIC PROTEASE FROM HALOCOCCUS AGARILYTICUS GUGFAWS-3 (MF425611). Authors: SANKET K. GAONKAR, IRENE FURTADO.


	Abstract: Halococcus agarilyticus GUGFAWS-3 is an archaeon isolated from a marine, white sponge (Haliclona sp.) inhabiting rocks in the intertidal region of Anjuna, Goa, India. Its cells have glycerol diether moieties and R-O-R and long isoprenoid chains, detectable in FTIR analysis, and have 99.1% 16S rRNA gene similarity to Halococcus agarilyticus 62ET of the family Halococcaceae (Gaonkar & Furtado, 2018). Uniquely, this organism simultaneously produces halo-extremozymes in 25 % NaCl, corresponding to 49.5 U mL⁻¹ of protease and 3.67 U mL⁻¹ of lipase. The halophilic-protease is constitutively produced at low levels regardless of the availability of substrates (Kalisz, 1998). The enzyme was partially purified by ethanol precipitation, dialysis and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration chromatography to 12.26 fold and is active over a broad range of temperatures (30-80^°C); NaCl concentrations (0- 5 M) and pH (3-13), with optimum activity at 70^°C, 3 M NaCl and pH 7. The enzyme is thermo-stable at 70^°C for 120 h, retaining 40 % of its activity. Furthermore, it is stable in polar and non-polar organic solvents, detergents and hydrocarbons. Metal cations enhance its activity in the order of Ca²⁺> Ni²⁺> Fe³⁺> Co²⁺> Mg²⁺>Cu²⁺> Mn²⁺. Partially inhibited by β-mercaptoethanol, PMSF and EDTA, the enzyme is a cysteine, serine and metal dependent protease. We report here a neutral halo-thermophilic protease. This is the first time such an extremozyme is reported from strain GUGFAWS-3 and also for the genus Halococcus. Efforts to study its various biotechnological potentials will also be highlighted and discussed. Keywords: haloarcheon, halo-extremozyme, halostable, marine Haliclona sp., protease.




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