AMBIENTUM BIOETHICA BIOLOGIA CHEMIA DIGITALIA DRAMATICA EDUCATIO ARTIS GYMNAST. ENGINEERING EPHEMERIDES EUROPAEA GEOGRAPHIA GEOLOGIA HISTORIA HISTORIA ARTIUM INFORMATICA IURISPRUDENTIA MATHEMATICA MUSICA NEGOTIA OECONOMICA PHILOLOGIA PHILOSOPHIA PHYSICA POLITICA PSYCHOLOGIA-PAEDAGOGIA SOCIOLOGIA THEOLOGIA CATHOLICA THEOLOGIA CATHOLICA LATIN THEOLOGIA GR.-CATH. VARAD THEOLOGIA ORTHODOXA THEOLOGIA REF. TRANSYLVAN
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Authors: LÁSZLÓ BARTHA, KUNIGUNDA MACALIK, LUJZA KERESZTES.
Allopolyploidy (hybridisation followed by genome doubling) has been recognised as a major force driving plant speciation. The genus Hepatica includes both diploid and polyploid species where the origin of polyploids has not been fully established, yet. In particular, the origin of Romanian endemic, tetraploid Hepatica transsilvanica Fuss. remained challenging because a previous study found its incongruent placement between plastid and nuclear phylogenies (suggestive of its hybrid origin). In this study a more direct method was applied in order to shed lights on the hybrid origin of species. A fragment of nuclear At103 gene was sequenced in H. transsilvanica and in both of its putative diploid progenitors, the European distributed H. nobilis Schreb. (var. nobilis) and the Central Asian endemic Hepatica falconeri Thomson. Direct At103 sequence of H. transsilvanica clearly showed an additive pattern between the parental sequence types, supporting the allopolyploid origin of species. A few additional additive polymorphic sites (i.e. superimposed peaks) neither supporting, nor contradicting the hybrid origin were also found in the sequence of H. transsilvanica but these were not shared by all samples analysed. Origin of this ‘inconclusive sequence variation’ can be explained by various phenomena, like random sorting of ancestral polymorphism or paralogy. In this study a new platform is provided on which the auto- vs. allopolyploid origin of the rest of tetraploid Hepatica taxa can be tested.
Keywords: allopolyploidy, At103 gene, Carpathian endemic
